Fig. 2. SNPiP increases choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression not only in H9c2 cells but also in HEK293 cells. A. ChAT protein expression in 1 mM SNPiP-treated H9c2 cells is upregulated within 8 h (P<0.01) and attain a peak value at 16 h (P<0.01), after which, it attenuated to the basal level at 24 h. B. HEK293 cells respond to SNPiP treatment with upregulated ChAT protein expression at 16 h (P<0.01) and an enhanced luciferase activity of ChAT promoter region at 8 h. C. SNPiP continue to upregulate ChAT protein expression at 48 h.